Poster Designs – Anonymous Artists / Sixties. The story of film posters.

Movie posters in history. Showcase of 1960s poster designs.

Poster Designer / Anonymous Artists

It would be very hard to define a common practice or visual language of Anonymous poster designers in Czechoslovakia. Even harder with Sixties, as the period offered so much surprises and unpredictable twists in both politics and culture. It seems like one can never live without the other (somehow never in successful harmony). Specially politicians were always dependant on cultural demagogy, using visual propaganda to their needs.

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Careful and very modern selection of colours was used for both parts of Knights of the Black Cross, 1961.

War movies were always highlights, particularly those showing war heroes in Socialist sort of way. Ongoing currency, no matter what’s the weather.

Symbols, hints and playful thoughts were always around poster making.

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There is nothing unusual about Anonymous artists (if own decision), but being unknown artist in the discipline, where displaying signature is relevant/appropriate (n. Karel Vaca, Dobroslav Foll, Karel Teissig and others) raises several questions.

Earlier in the second part of our article on history of poster art  in Czechoslovakia we have mentioned censorship as the part / instrument of the Communist doctrine. Communist party was  the one and only expert on art, which might sound funny but the reality was not so much, Social Realism did exist, after all. In addition to films ÚPF (Ústřední Půjčovna Filmů/ Formal state distribution 1957 – 1991) was also commissioning movie posters. Both were deciding what could be shown in the cinemas. Were they somehow responsible for hiding artists identity?

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From Switzerland to Vietnam, poster designs made by Unknown Artists covered all sorts of spectacular, if not even controversial movies.

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We know that the film poster committee always consisted of few graphic artists (2-3). They would constantly try to give green light to the proposed poster designs. Were they also turning the blind eye to help fellow artists (obstacle/potential traitors and pests[^1]) in getting at least some sort of a commission? We believe it could be possible as the demand for the movies was quite high and each movie had to have its own poster. Still, for some reasons several artists had to remain unknown.

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By the end of Sixties photography techniques were commonly used in various poster designs. Above another example of photograph overtaking the space.

The Sweet Games of Last Summer (1970), based on Guy de Maupassant’s novel was premiered in Czechoslovakia only once. Film directed by Juraj Herz (The Cremator) came back to distribution again in 1988[^2].

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Looking at their movie posters many years later, we can observe some fascinating poster designs. They do not lack any of the visual qualities of other Czechoslovak poster artists. The pity is, they could never take part in any of the ongoing poster exhibitions of the time. We will possibly never be able to find out who were the authors of those magnificent movie posters, or how many artists were creating anonymously, but they surely deserve our appreciation. Until 1989 hundreds of poster designs were created by Unknown artists. There was no one to hide from after that.

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Literature:

  • [^1]:  Toto čudesné 21.Storočie / This peculiar 21st century (unofficial translation), Tomáš Štrauss, Kalligram 2009. (Book is not so much about the movie posters, but Tomáš Štrauss, expert on Totalitarian, art critic/historian, said it to the point)
  • [^2]: https://sk.wikipedia.org/

Note on previous articles:

Other posters designs by Unknown artists on jozefSquare.

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Robert Brož. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Robert Brož

    Art Editor / Book Illustration / Graphic Art / Typography

    1970s Book Cover, Robert Broz
    Book cover design, colour letterpress, Robert Brož, 1970 *

       ***

    – b. 10th of August 1939, Prague-Čelákovice, Czech Republic

    Education:

    – 1954−1958, School of Industrial Art, Bratislava

    Exhibitions:

    – Biennale Brno 1966, 1970 and later
    – Bratislava, Prague, Sofia, 1968
    – BIB, Biennale of Book Illustration, Bratislava 1969, 1971 and later
    – IBA Leipzig, 1971
    – Biennale Warsaw 1971, 1975
    – Barcelona, Berlin 1973

    Awards:

    – Diploma, International exhibition of young poster designers, Sofia, 1968
    – Merit Award, IBA Leipzig, 1971
    – Merit Award, The most beautiful book of the Year, Bratislava, 1972 and 1977

    ***

    Typography Poster, 1970s Kids Poster
    Excellent typography – Pilgrimage to San Jago, Robert Brož, 1973.

    ***

    Robert Brož’s appearance in Czechoslovak film poster archive is rather rarity, even though designing posters was one of his main profession. As a typographer and graphic designer he has created numerous number of book covers (Bronze Medal, IBA Lepzig, 1971), posters and specialised in creating ex libris for collectors. He was also editor and graphic designer of Slovak publishing house Osveta.

    We only know of one single film poster Robert Brož has ever designed. It was created for children’s tale Pilgrimage to San Jago (unofficial title) and done very much in what you would call Brussel style. Common design resonating pretty much in everything made in late Sixties Czechoslovakia (precious times swept away by shady 1970’s propaganda).

    ***

    Bratislava City Gallery, 1970s Logo, Robert Broz
    Bratislava City Gallery / Galéria Mesta Bratislavy, logo design, Robert Brož, 1971.**

    ***

    Finding out Robert Brož’s name on majority of books published for Slovak photographer Martin Martinček made us nicely surprised. Martin Martinček’s photography is hugely admired by us and we thought you might like to see more examples of Robert Brož’s design. As he was not exactly movie poster designer, we still believe in his importance in Czechoslovak graphic art and are adding his name to our Sixties designers list.

    ***

    Book cover, Martin Martinček, Cradle
    Martin Martinček / Cradle – photography book cover, Robert Brož, 1972.***

    ***

    We will be coming back to Martin Martinček in later individual posts on photography, where we’ll try to show a glimpse of his excellent work and maybe we’ll even reveal some of his unseen prints from our collection of photographs.

    ***

    Photography book cover, Martin Martinček, Highlanders
    Martin Martinček / Highlanders – photography book design, Robert Brož, 1975.****

    ***

    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    ***

    Resources:

    Literature:

    • II. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno ’66, Medzinárodní Výstava Knižní Grafiky a Ilustrace, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 2nd Biennale of Graphic Design Brno ’66, The International Exhibition of Book Graphics and Illustrations, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1966
    • IV. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno 1970, Medzinárodní Přehlídka Plakátu a Propagační Grafiky, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 4th Biennale of Graphic Design Brno 1970, The International Exhibition of Poster and Promotional Graphics, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1970
    • V. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno 1972, Medzinárodní Výstava Ilustrace a Knižní Grafiky, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 5th Biennale of Graphic Design Brno 1972, The International Exhibition of Illustrations and Book Graphics, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1972
    • VII. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno 1976, Mezinárodní výstava ilustrace a knižní grafiky, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 7th Biennale of Graphic Design Brno 1976, The International Exhibition of Illustrations and Book Graphics, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1976
    • IX. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno 1980, Medzinárodní Výstava Ilustrace a Knižní Grafiky, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 9th Biennale of Graphic Design 1980, The International Exhibition of Illustrations and Book Graphics, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1980

    Online:

    abArt / Naděžda Bláhová

    Images used:

    • * Collective authors: Stretnutie / Meetings, Martin 1970. Book cover, colour letterpress. V. Bienále Užité Grafiky Brno 1972, Medzinárodní Výstava Ilustrace a Knižní Grafiky, Moravská Galerie v Brně. / 5th Biennale of Graphic Design Brno 1972, The International Exhibition of Illustrations and Book Graphics, Moravian Gallery Brno, 1972 (p.55)
    • ** logo – Martin Martinček – Exhibition Catalogue, Hora a horské bystriny / Mountain and mountain stream (unofficial translation). Galéria Mesta Bratislavy / Bratislava City Gallery, 1971
    • *** book cover – Martin Martinček – Milan Rúfus, Kolíska / Cradle (unofficial translation). Osveta, Banská Bystrica, 1972.
    • **** book cover, book design – Martin Martinček, Vrchári / Highlanders (unofficial translation). Osveta, Martin, 1975

    ***

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Vladimír Bidlo. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Vladimír Bidlo

    Painting / Graphic Art / Illustration

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    Sweet Bird of Youth movie poster by Vladimír Bidlo, 1962.
    • 19th of October 1926, Kouřim, Czech Republic
    • 1997, Prague, Czech Republic

    Education:

    • 1945−1950, State Graphic School, Prague
    • 1945−1950, Charles University, Prague (Faculty of Pedagogy / Art?)
    • 1945−1950, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (prof. F. Tichý)

    ***

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    ***

    ***

    We believe poster design for Miloš Forman’s The Firemen’s Ball had to resonate together with the film on its premiere in Cannes 1968, poster depicts the film perfectly. Too controversial for the Communists, film was banned and reappeared again by the end of the 1980s, same for the poster. Film posters created for majority of banned films were designed by the most appealing artists of the time. It is hard to tell if designing of film posters for censored movies had any effect on their future art profession. Vladimír Bidlo’s main focus laid on book illustration and after producing several dozens of excellent film posters he fully returned to that.

    ***

    ***

    Note: Artist’s showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters..

    Available film posters by Vladimír Bidlo.

    ***

    Resources:

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Adolf Born. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Adolf Born

    Painting / Stage Design / Illustration / Graphic Art / Caricature / Animation

    Film poster, Adolf Born, 60s poster design
    Virgin Soil Upturned – Adolf Born, 1960.

       ***

    • b. 12th of June 1930, České Velenice, Czech Republic
    • lives and works in Prague, Czech Republic

    Education:

    • 1949−1950, Charles University, Prague (Faculty of Pedagogy / Art?)
    • 1950−1953, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (Pelc Antonín)
    • 1953−1955, Academy of Fine Arts, Prague (Pelc Antonín)

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    Film posters designed: 19 (1959-1989)[^1]

    ***

    FIlm poster, Adolf Born 60s poster artThe Smallest Show on Earth – Adolf Born / Oldřich Jelínek, 1960.

    ***

    To meet with the fantastic world of Czech artist Adolf Born in former Czechoslovakia was not as complicated. One only had to get born there and the ticket for his show was lying in front of you. His visual presence was absolutely everywhere. Book illustrations and television programme was provided for the smallest audience and for those older ones there were magazines covered with his caricatures. He has also made the older population interested into watching animated films for the children.

    Adolf Born’s work is well known also to international spectator. His book illustrations (over 400 books) and animated films (by the 1980 he produced 45 of them)[^2] visited many countries and have taken part in many exhibitions. Humorous depiction is very characteristic in his work. Adolf Born is here to make you smile.

    His film poster portfolio extends from early 1960s all the way to mid 1990s, with limited number designed. Adolf Born was preoccupied with other things. Film posters were possibly only other commission he was getting from the art union, where every illustrator/graphic had to be a member. Very few, but all very impressive. If the film poster was not made for the World War II film, it would definitely leave one with the grin on the face.

    ***

    Burning Daylight, J.London, cover by Adolf Born
    Front cover for the Burning Daylight / Jack London, illustrated by Adolf Born, 1970.

    [^3]

    ***

    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    Available posters by Adolf Born or other interesting film posters designed in Sixties.

    ***

    Resources:

    Literature:

    • [^1]: Flashback / Czech and Slovak Film Posters 1959-1989, ed. Libor Gronský, Marek Perůtka, Michal Soukup, Olomouc Museum of Art, 2004. (p.45)
    • [^2]: BIB, Bienále Ilustrácií / Biennale of Illustration ’79 ’81, Bratislava; Anna Horváthová, Mladé Letá, 1983 (p.60)
    • [^3]: Burning Daylight / Jack London; Lidová knihovna, 1970

    Online resources:

    • abArt / Adolf Born
    • Český Rozhlas / Czech Radio Broadcast (archive full of interviews with Adolf Born)

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  • Poster Sale / Made in Czechoslovakia / October Sale

    Poster Sale with 22% off your basket.

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    Jan Kubíček‘s film poster Daddy, Buy me a Puppy, 1964 was used in the image above.

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Antonín Dimitrov. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Antonín Dimitrov

    Graphic Art / Painting / Set Design / Typography

    ***

    Collage poster, The Cremator, 60s Poster art
    The Cremator movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1968.

       ***

    • b. 27th February 1928, Mšecké Žehrovice/Rakovník, Czech Republic
    • d. 27th December 2014, Bobcaygeon, Canada
    • lived in Canadian exile from 1968

    Education:

    • 1945 – 1953, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (Antonín Strnadel)

    Exhibitions:

    • until 1968 mostly Prague exhibitions
    • Toronto, Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (member), Canada, 1991
    • London / United Kingdom

    ***

    In few of our recent articles we have discussed absurdity and inappropriate behaviour of Communist leaders. Terrifying act of those in power and their constant fight towards fictional enemy was very systematical. In country as small as Czechoslovakia it was not impossible to succeed.

    ***

    Film poster, Four in a Circle, Collage poster
    Four in a Circle movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

    ***

    Similarly to Jan Brychta, Antonín Dimitrov’s profile was simply deleted. Second successful attempt of leaving the country in 1968 took Antonín Dimitrov with his wife Olga to Canada. His first try when he and his soul mate swam across the river Danube to neighbouring Austria, just to get caught and handed in to Russian soldiers, cost him several years in prison and forced labor.

    Before their disappearance, Antonín Dimitrov and his wife worked professionally as a set and costume designers in various theatres across the country. Antonín’s rebellious nature has been proved several times. Exclusion from the Art Academy for his incorrect political views (note: even the students had to be the members of Communist party. Same applied to parents, if there was a non member in the family, studying at higher education was impossible. Not talking of grand parents.) and his unsuccessful immigration right after that are only few examples of his misbehaviour.

    ***

    Vintage movie Poster, Antonin Dimitrov
    Sign of the Cancer movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

    ***

    His collaboration with Czechoslovak New Wave directors, specially with Juraj Herz must have also spiced the soup up. Juraj Herz’s Cremator was the movie Communist could not swallow, similarly to other two titles in the showcase. In cases when the Communists decided to ban the movie everything would go off the shelf. Film director, author of the script / writer and the same destiny would meet the film poster.

    Movie posters of Antonín Dimitrov are reflecting the times utterly. His posters are incredibly attractive, no matter if he touches the scissors or the paint brush. Excellent typographer and master of the blend, his virtues are sensibly hidden mostly in the collage. His posters are missing on one thing, there are only very few of them. He possibly did not design more than ten movie posters.

    ***

    Documentary Poster, 1970s Poster Art
    Masters of Congo Jungle movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

    ***

    Even though Antonín Dimitrov luckily led succesful life in the exile. As a set designer he and his wife worked on numerous theatre and opera productions. He was also head of the design programme at the prestigious Indiana University School of Music in Bloomington, Indiana[^1] . But for Czechoslovak film poster his departure was a great loss. Many fascinating artists remained and learn how to overcome the situation, while building one of the most impressive poster archive in design history. It would be truly interesting to see what else could Antonín Dimitrov pull out of that hat.

    ***

    Surreal Poster, 1960s Poster Art
    The Limping Devil movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1968.

    ***

    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    Available posters by artist or other fascinating film posters designed for Czechoslovak New Wave.

    ***

    Resources:

    Literature:

    • plenty with zero results

    Online:

    • abArt / Antonín Dimitrov / Big thanks to abArt for their research on invisible.
    • Royal Canadian Academy of Arts / list of members since 1880
    • [^1]:  Obituary of Antonin Dimitrov, Hendren Funeral Homes, Norwood and Bobcaygeon, Ontario / it is sad when only biography on artist can be found in his obituary.  Beautifully written, one should take a look.

    ***

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