Poster Designs / Sixties – Antonín Dimitrov. The Story of Film Posters.

Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

Poster Designer / Antonín Dimitrov

Graphic Art / Painting / Set Design / Typography

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Collage poster, The Cremator, 60s Poster art
The Cremator movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1968.

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  • b. 27th February 1928, Mšecké Žehrovice/Rakovník, Czech Republic
  • d. 27th December 2014, Bobcaygeon, Canada
  • lived in Canadian exile from 1968

Education:

  • 1945 – 1953, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (Antonín Strnadel)

Exhibitions:

  • until 1968 mostly Prague exhibitions
  • Toronto, Royal Canadian Academy of Arts (member), Canada, 1991
  • London / United Kingdom

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In few of our recent articles we have discussed absurdity and inappropriate behaviour of Communist leaders. Terrifying act of those in power and their constant fight towards fictional enemy was very systematical. In country as small as Czechoslovakia it was not impossible to succeed.

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Film poster, Four in a Circle, Collage poster
Four in a Circle movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

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Similarly to Jan Brychta, Antonín Dimitrov’s profile was simply deleted. Second successful attempt of leaving the country in 1968 took Antonín Dimitrov with his wife Olga to Canada. His first try when he and his soul mate swam across the river Danube to neighbouring Austria, just to get caught and handed in to Russian soldiers, cost him several years in prison and forced labor.

Before their disappearance, Antonín Dimitrov and his wife worked professionally as a set and costume designers in various theatres across the country. Antonín’s rebellious nature has been proved several times. Exclusion from the Art Academy for his incorrect political views (note: even the students had to be the members of Communist party. Same applied to parents, if there was a non member in the family, studying at higher education was impossible. Not talking of grand parents.) and his unsuccessful immigration right after that are only few examples of his misbehaviour.

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Vintage movie Poster, Antonin Dimitrov
Sign of the Cancer movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

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His collaboration with Czechoslovak New Wave directors, specially with Juraj Herz must have also spiced the soup up. Juraj Herz’s Cremator was the movie Communist could not swallow, similarly to other two titles in the showcase. In cases when the Communists decided to ban the movie everything would go off the shelf. Film director, author of the script / writer and the same destiny would meet the film poster.

Movie posters of Antonín Dimitrov are reflecting the times utterly. His posters are incredibly attractive, no matter if he touches the scissors or the paint brush. Excellent typographer and master of the blend, his virtues are sensibly hidden mostly in the collage. His posters are missing on one thing, there are only very few of them. He possibly did not design more than ten movie posters.

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Documentary Poster, 1970s Poster Art
Masters of Congo Jungle movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1967.

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Even though Antonín Dimitrov luckily led succesful life in the exile. As a set designer he and his wife worked on numerous theatre and opera productions. He was also head of the design programme at the prestigious Indiana University School of Music in Bloomington, Indiana[^1] . But for Czechoslovak film poster his departure was a great loss. Many fascinating artists remained and learn how to overcome the situation, while building one of the most impressive poster archive in design history. It would be truly interesting to see what else could Antonín Dimitrov pull out of that hat.

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Surreal Poster, 1960s Poster Art
The Limping Devil movie poster by Antonín Dimitrov, 1968.

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Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

Available posters by artist or other fascinating film posters designed for Czechoslovak New Wave.

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Resources:

Literature:

  • plenty with zero results

Online:

  • abArt / Antonín Dimitrov / Big thanks to abArt for their research on invisible.
  • Royal Canadian Academy of Arts / list of members since 1880
  • [^1]:  Obituary of Antonin Dimitrov, Hendren Funeral Homes, Norwood and Bobcaygeon, Ontario / it is sad when only biography on artist can be found in his obituary.  Beautifully written, one should take a look.

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Jiří Balcar. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Jiří Balcar

    Painting / Graphic Art / Typography

    The Death of Tarzan, Film poster, 60s Poster Art
    The Death of Tarzan movie poster by Jiří Balcar, 1962.

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    • 26th of August 1929, Kolín
    • 28th of August 1968, Prague

    Education:

    • 1947-1948, Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague
    • 1948-1953, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (prof. F. Tichý, F. Muzika)

    Awards:

    • 1960, The most beautiful book of the Year, (Brno ?)
    • 1962, Toulouse-Lautrec Prize, Paris (film poster Moby Dick)
    • 1964, Honorable Mention, First Czechoslovak Showcase of Poster and Promotional Graphic Art, Brno[^1]

    Film posters created: 34 (1960-1967)[^2]

    ***

    Excellent 60s poster design by Jiri Balcar
    This Year in September movie poster by Jiří Balcar, 1963.

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    Czech artist Jiří Balcar could easily belong to one of the most fascinating poster designers of the Sixties. It’s hard to judge by the small number of his posters in our collection, but his artwork as we are finding out, spreads all across the globe (short list bellow). Internationally started off at Farleigh Dickinson University in Madison (New Jersey) where he took part in International Invitational Seminar of Art, followed by exhibition in New York in 1964[^3] , Berlin (1965-66) and Wien (1966). Paris exhibition in Musée d’Art Moderne (1969) was held soon after his early death in 1968.

    A wide spectrum of his artistic experiments are brought in from the painting and are reflected in his poster designs. Extensive use of letter templates, sometimes broken into separate parts, wise and bright selection of colours (unless Monochromatic, or sensible mix of both), unconventional use of photography and perfect understanding of space. His faceless figures, motif reappearing on several of his paintings, could become alive only on the film poster.

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    Movie poster, The Dacians, 60s poster design
    The Dacians movie poster by Jiří Balcar, 1967.

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    Jiří Balcar was the member of several art groups.

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    His artwork takes place in collections of museums and galleries worldwide. We have picked little selection with direct links.

    • The Baruch Foundation (impressive collection of Jiří Balcar‘s portfolio and other artists from behind the “Iron Curtain”), Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • The British Museum, London, United Kingdom
    • Centre Pompidou, Paris, France
    • Czech Museum of Fine Arts, Prague, Czech Republic
    • Museum of Modern Art, New York, New York, USA
    • National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, USA
    • Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
    • Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands

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    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    Sixties film posters available in our shop.

    ***

    Literature:

    • [^2]:  Flashback / Czech and Slovak Film Posters 1959-1989, ed. Libor Gronský, Marek Perůtka, Michal Soukup, Olomouc Museum of Art, 2004. (p.41)

    Online resources:

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  • Poster Sale / Made in Czechoslovakia / October Sale

    Poster Sale with 22% off your basket.

    We have prepared another Poster Sale to make our film poster collection accessible to anyone as passionate about the art from Czechoslovakia as we are. Please take advantage of our Poster Sales to get your hands on some of the best designs in the history of poster art. Enter the coupon –

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    Jan Kubíček‘s film poster Daddy, Buy me a Puppy, 1964 was used in the image above.

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Adolf Born. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Adolf Born

    Painting / Stage Design / Illustration / Graphic Art / Caricature / Animation

    Film poster, Adolf Born, 60s poster design
    Virgin Soil Upturned – Adolf Born, 1960.

       ***

    • b. 12th of June 1930, České Velenice, Czech Republic
    • lives and works in Prague, Czech Republic

    Education:

    • 1949−1950, Charles University, Prague (Faculty of Pedagogy / Art?)
    • 1950−1953, Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague (Pelc Antonín)
    • 1953−1955, Academy of Fine Arts, Prague (Pelc Antonín)

    Awards:

    • many, mostly for his animated films and book illustration (few shown bellow)
    • 1974, caricaturist of the year, Montreal
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    • 1985(?), Gold Medal, IBA, Leipzig
    • 1988, Honorary Artist

    Film posters designed: 19 (1959-1989)[^1]

    ***

    FIlm poster, Adolf Born 60s poster artThe Smallest Show on Earth – Adolf Born / Oldřich Jelínek, 1960.

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    To meet with the fantastic world of Czech artist Adolf Born in former Czechoslovakia was not as complicated. One only had to get born there and the ticket for his show was lying in front of you. His visual presence was absolutely everywhere. Book illustrations and television programme was provided for the smallest audience and for those older ones there were magazines covered with his caricatures. He has also made the older population interested into watching animated films for the children.

    Adolf Born’s work is well known also to international spectator. His book illustrations (over 400 books) and animated films (by the 1980 he produced 45 of them)[^2] visited many countries and have taken part in many exhibitions. Humorous depiction is very characteristic in his work. Adolf Born is here to make you smile.

    His film poster portfolio extends from early 1960s all the way to mid 1990s, with limited number designed. Adolf Born was preoccupied with other things. Film posters were possibly only other commission he was getting from the art union, where every illustrator/graphic had to be a member. Very few, but all very impressive. If the film poster was not made for the World War II film, it would definitely leave one with the grin on the face.

    ***

    Burning Daylight, J.London, cover by Adolf Born
    Front cover for the Burning Daylight / Jack London, illustrated by Adolf Born, 1970.

    [^3]

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    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    Available posters by Adolf Born or other interesting film posters designed in Sixties.

    ***

    Resources:

    Literature:

    • [^1]: Flashback / Czech and Slovak Film Posters 1959-1989, ed. Libor Gronský, Marek Perůtka, Michal Soukup, Olomouc Museum of Art, 2004. (p.45)
    • [^2]: BIB, Bienále Ilustrácií / Biennale of Illustration ’79 ’81, Bratislava; Anna Horváthová, Mladé Letá, 1983 (p.60)
    • [^3]: Burning Daylight / Jack London; Lidová knihovna, 1970

    Online resources:

    • abArt / Adolf Born
    • Český Rozhlas / Czech Radio Broadcast (archive full of interviews with Adolf Born)

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Jaromír Bradáč. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Jaromír Bradáč

    Graphic Art

    Pasha, original film poster, poster art
    Pasha, Jaromír Bradáč, 1969.

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       Movie poster shown on the picture above has been seen previously in one of our articles on History of Poster Design in Czechoslovakia. It did not stop us from refreshing the memory as we are strongly effected by its expressiveness. Jean Gabin‘s common impression for every French born was broken into uncertainty. Divided into parallel fields as in the rhythm similar to main theme of that phenomenal soundtrack composed by Serge Gainsbourg. Music moves on as we can see even on the letters, one can hear the most peculiar sounds.

    Mysterious poster for Georges Lautner‘s film is hiding one extra mystery and that is the poster designer himself. Jaromír Bradáč remains the one, or at least for now. You can count number of his film posters on your left hand and that’s about everything we could track on this fantastic graphic designer. Hopefully the future will show some more light about him, as we believe five film posters is not everything he did.

    ***

    Film poster, 1960s poster design
    A Study About Women, film poster by Jaromír Bradáč, 1968.

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    Note: article is part of  Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    You can explore other interesting film poster designs made in Sixties available in our poster shop.

    ***

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  • Poster Designs / Sixties – Rudolf Altrichter. The Story of Film Posters.

    Film posters in history. Sixties poster designs.

    Poster Designer / Rudolf Altrichter

    Painting / Graphic Art / Typography.

    Before God and Man, poster by Rudolf Altrichter
    Before God and Man movie poster by Rudolf Altrichter, 1968.
    • 10th of June 1916, Vienna
    • 8th of September 1978, Bratislava

    Education:

    • 1938, Business High School, Trenčín
    • University of Economy, Bratislava

    Awards:

    • 1966, Prize for the most beautiful poster of the year.

    Film posters created: 32 (1959-1972)[^1]

    ***

    It is fairly interesting when thinking of Rudolf Altrichter’s designs for film posters, that behind all this visual trickery is hidden self-taught artist. Originally trained as a sales man (worked also for Bata / shoemaker company) he became one of the most influential Slovak graphic artist. In his thirties he became one of the establishing members of newly reopen Slovak Art Society (1946) and year later co-founder of Association of Slovak Graphic Artists (1947).

    Rudolf Altrichter’s film posters are full of visual harmony, unusually blended by pure abstraction and the hints of reality. Human element appears to be one of his strongest standing point, no matter if it is design for art exhibition, film or political poster. Visual harmony is also represented by the use of elegant thin lines and curvy almost psychedelic shapes. Absurdity of the war, another of his characteristic motifs, can be also seen on several of his film posters. Film poster designed for French drama Dangerous Love Affairs / Dangerous Liaisons (shown bellow, designed in 1969), belongs to the selection of the most significant acquisitions of the Poster and Graphic Design Collection of Slovak National Gallery.

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    Note: this showcase is part of our ongoing article Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters.

    Available film posters by Rudolf Altrichter or other interesting film posters designed in Sixties.

    ***

    Literature:

    • [^1]: Flashback / Czech and Slovak Film Posters 1959-1989, ed. Libor Gronský, Marek Perůtka, Michal Soukup, Olomouc Museum of Art, 2004. (p.39)

    Resources:

    ***

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  • Film posters / Made in Czechoslovakia. The story of film posters. Take 1.

    Film posters in history. Poster story in few takes.

    The 400 Blows, Francois Truffaut, 50s Movie Poster
    The 400 Blows / Francois Truffaut, movie poster by Josef Hvozdenský, 1959.

    EXPO 58 – Brussels and travelling

    It was not likely until 1958 EXPO show in Brussels when Czechoslovakia suddenly reappeared in the world wide art discussion. Overleaping thickness of Communist propaganda was overshadowing the cultural existence not only for another side of the Iron curtain. No wonder, as Stanislav Kolibal, one of the most refined Czech artist / sculptor recollects in his interview for Czech radio broadcast:

    [quote]”Travelling before 1957 was just not happening.”[/quote]

    It was not happening after that either, but things were a bit smoother and significantly moving towards lots of explorations.

    • typical early example of the “Noodle” shaped film poster, returning as an idea back in 60s without any further success.

    • film posters following old poster traditions.

    • 50s film posters came very rarely with the signature.

    Early days of film posters.

    Unhealthy political regime in Czechoslovakia had very strong impact on cultural distribution within the country. Country was perfectly sealed off. Presence of cold war was also effecting the possibilities of any official cultural exchange. Art making was going through all kinds of metamorphosis, but in reality it only had one face. That face was called Social Realism and it had very clear, strong and long lasting statement. Visual disillusion would chase one everywhere. And if a little flag was’t displayed on the window seal on the 1st of May, one would be chased by someone else, too. Simply put; politicians were using art for their own propaganda and there was no way around it. Or maybe there was?

    • fascinating starts from the “old school” representatives. Many artists were trying to cover the new medium. By the end of 50s poster still did not have that film look.

    Film poster in Czechoslovakia was also going through many changes before it meets the doors of collectors and film festivals. All sorts of artists were trying out to fit the new medium, but it was not until early sixties when fresh new ideologies were presented in both films and similarly in film posters design. Poster designers had it very hard to make pleasing posters for bad propaganda or WWI-II films at the beginning. Significance of EXPO 58 and sudden interest of politicians in foreign currency from the fresh source[^1] turned a blind eye on art scene ever since. Censorship however remains necessity.

    Adolf Born is getting involved in poster making.

    • another famous Czech sci-fi books illustrator Teodor Rotrekl designs several film posters.

    Censors in form of critics were very much responsible for the public picture. That could never lack enough sympathy for the comrades from the Soviet union / countries of Warszaw pact and on the other hand it had to be critical enough towards anything coming out from the west.
    In visual art weird symbols of the era were the most preferable. Motifs of smiling women standing behind the factory machine pretending they do enjoy the heavy work and at the same time they are equally helping in cultivating the nation. This and similar images, everyone possibly came across when they say Communism, were implied in every possible media and censors had to make sure there was enough of it visible.

    • playful illustrations and collages of Jan Kubíček were accompanying Czechoslovak film poster all the way to seventies.

    • photograph stretches all across the poster.

    Thankfully not all of the art disciplines were destined for an extinction. Illustration, animated films as well as film posters remained intact with only few slight obstacles.[^2] By the beginning of 1960s several renown artists, graphic designers and illustrators such as Bedřich DlouhýMiloš Reindl, Richard Fremund, Zdeněk Palcr, Karel Teissig, Jaroslav Fišer were shaping up the future visuals of film posters. When award winning poster and graphic designer Zdeněk Ziegler meets the official film posters committee for the first time, he remembers his feelings were strongly in favour of his critics.

    [quote]”There were always two or three graphic designers among commissioners who would defend fellow colleague. It was Karel Vaca and Dobroslav Foll in my case.” [^3][/quote]

    Film posters came along with catalogue, The 400 Blows
    The 400 Blows / Francois Truffaut – Promotional film catalogue
    The 400 Blows, Francois Truffaut, Catalogue for Film
    The 400 Blows / Francois Truffaut, Catalogue view opposite side.

    With increasing attendance at the international film festivals, film poster was also heading towards new directions. International success of movies created by Miloš Forman, Věra Chytilová, Jiří Menzel and other important directors of Czechoslovak New Waveintroduced Czechoslovak poster design to the foreign audience. Film posters designed in 1960s were created by some of the best poster designers of the era and we will be exploring them in more details in our next post.

    •••

    [^1]: Enough currency was floating in the country. Czechoslovakia was one of the greatest business partners with the death at the time. Military industry was among the most popular and export was doing just fine. / 150 000 Slov – former exile magazine, X/91/27, p.3-5, Morálka musí počkat (Morale must wait), Inge Santnerová.
    [^2]: Vratislav Hlavatý for the Czech Radio Interview / 29.3.2013 (Several of his publications were banned throughout Communism).
    [^3]: Zdeněk Ziegler for the Czech Radio Interview / 15.5.2013.

    Additional research:

    Literature:

    • Flashback / Czech and Slovak Film Posters 1959-1989, ed. Libor Gronský, Marek Perůtka, Michal Soukup,  Olomouc Museum of Art, 2004.

    Online web:

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